NIA24 Eye Repair Complex .5 oz.

Can you apply the Eye Repair Complex to the eyelid?
No. Avoid getting any of the Pro-Niacin™ molecule into the eye. Do not apply the eye cream directly to the eyelid. Apply only around the orbital bone.

Is the Eye Repair Complex Opthamologist-Tested?
Yes. The eye cream is opthamologist-tested as is the Gentle Cleansing Cream. Avoid direct eye contact.

Do you apply the Eye Repair Complex prior to your facial moisturizer?
Yes. Dab the Eye Repair Cream around the orbital bone, allow several minutes to dry then apply the Skin Strengthening Complex or Intensive Recovery Complex to the face.

Will the Eye Repair Complex reduce dark circles?
Yes. Pro-Niacin™ strengthens the cells and skin barrier to protect weak capillaries that can burst and release blood into the tissues (causing the appearance of dark circles). Caffeine helps reduce puffiness while Vitamin C, Licorice and White Birch visibly brighten to illuminate under eye discoloration.

What if some of the Eye Repair Complex gets into the eye?
If the product gets into the eye, immediately rinse out the eye with water or saline solution and apply a cold compress. Do not rub the eye. If irritation continues, visit a physician for additional recommendations.

Does the Pro-Niacin™ molecule penetrate the skin?
Yes. Pro-Niacin™ penetrates the layers of the epidermis because of its unique lipophilic tail, which enables it to cross through the lipophilic stratum corneum and enter the other layers of the epidermis as it is converted into nicotinic acid and ultimately, the active form, NAD.

Does the Pro-Niacin™ molecule induce vasodilation?
No. Pro-Niacin™ is a patented derivative of Niacin that delivers Niacin to the skin at a slow, continuous rate so that vasodilation is avoided. However, for individuals with a compromised skin barrier, product usage should be gradually increased to avoid the possibility of minor redness or irritation.

How does Pro-Niacin™, which is applied topically, differ from other products containing Niacin, which are taken orally?
Topical versus oral delivery of Niacin allows the molecule to avoid digestion and absorption in the intestines and first-pass metabolism in the liver. Flushing and redness can also occur with oral products because of the release of large amounts of Niacin quickly into the bloodstream. Pro-Niacin™ is applied topically and therefore, is delivered directly to the skin to its point of action through the slow infusion of nicotinic acid, promoting greater efficacy while preventing vasodilation.

What is the difference between nicotinic acid and nicotinamide?
While nicotinic acid and nicotinamide are both forms of Niacin, they do not share the same therapeutic properties due to their different chemical structures. Nicotinamide has not been proven as effective in combating sun damage because it cannot be effectively delivered to the skin cells for conversion to the active form, NAD, and it does not stimulate the release of leptin. Unlike nicotinamide, the Pro-Niacin™ molecule consists of nicotinic acid and a lipophilic tail which enables it to be absorbed through the lipid-rich stratum corneum and to penetrate the other layers of the epidermis. Once delivered to the skin cells, the lipophillic tail is cleaved, leaving nicotinic acid which is then converted to NAD. NAD stimulates cell’s natural repair processes, enables better energy metabolism and promotes the release of leptin, generating healthier skin cells from the inside-out and strengthens the skin barrier.

What is leptin and how does it work in the skin?
Leptin is a natural repair hormone that produces a signal within skin cells through a signaling cascade that affects metabolism, wound healing, growth and development of skin cells. Its mechanisms of action are quite complex and only having been discovered in 1994, are not fully known. Leptin has been shown to enhance wound healing through its role as a mediator of keratinocyte (skin cell) proliferation and re-epithelialization.

How does Pro-Niacin™ assist in improving sun damaged skin?
Pro-Niacin™ is a patented molecule that delivers Niacin to the skin, thereby increasing the content of NAD, the active form of Niacin, within the skin cells. NAD affects several biochemical mechanisms within the cells to stimulate cell’s natural repair processes, improve energy metabolism and promote the release of leptin, a natural repair hormone. These improvements within the skin cells result in the generation of healthier skin cells as cellular regeneration and maturation occur, promoting healing and strengthening of the skin barrier from the inside-out. Sun damaged skin is improved through this process of promoting healthier skin cells that in essence, heal themselves through increased NAD content and a stronger skin barrier.

How does Pro-Niacin™ assist in improving hyperpigmentation?
Melanosomes are cells which contain pigment. Within the skin, there are approximately 30 surrounding keratinocytes for each melanosome, whose job is to distribute pigment to each of the surrounding cells. Hyperpigmentation occurs when these melanosomes are damaged and pigment is distributed unevenly or excessively to certain cells.

As stated above, Pro-Niacin™ delivers Niacin to the skin through a patented delivery system, thereby increasing NAD content within skin cells. The effect of NAD on hyperpigmentation occurs through the stimulation of a receptor either on the melanosome itself or on the surrounding keratinocytes such that uneven or excessive distribution of pigmentation does not occur.

How does NAD assist in improving actinic keratosis (AKs)?
AKs are pre-cancerous skin conditions caused by chronic exposure to sunlight. AKs often lead to skin cancer and are typically treated with liquid nitrogen, chemotherapeutic creams and Blue Light lasers. AKs, as well as skin cancer, are strongly associated with DNA damage and reduced immune function. NAD, the active form of Niacin, has been clinically proven to improve the ability of cells to respond to DNA damage, to improve immune function and to generate cellular energy. As a result, NAD helps to maintain the genomic integrity of the cell. Pro-Niacin™ has been clinically proven to increase NAD content within the skin cells.